The Illyrians inhabited the western Balkan Peninsula in ancient times constituting one of the three main Paleo-Balkan populations, along with the Thracians and Greeks. Their territory covered most of the Albania. Some of the most famous Illyrian tribes, ancestors of present day Albanians were the Albanians, the Taulants, the Byliots, the Kaons, the Ardians, the Dardans, the Liburnians, etc.

The Kingdom of the Hadrians is one of the most well known, which under the leadership of King Agron, his wife Queen Teuta and their successor King Gent (Gentius) greatly expanded its territories until its fall to the Romans in the year 168 BC.